纸板类儿童卡书抗弯曲性能影响因素研究

文章针对四种制备儿童卡书的卡纸进行研究,分析了卡纸纤维结构类型和表面粗糙度对儿童卡书变形度的影响。对水性胶粘剂固含量与儿童卡书弯曲度的关系研究发现胶粘剂固含量在60%~65%时,制备的卡书抗弯曲性能较好。此外,研究发现后处理环境条件选用温度23±3℃,湿度50±5%的标准条件,后处理时间为1个月左右得到的儿童卡书的弯曲变形度最小。     

《有机化学》教学思考与建议

有机化学是四大基础化学之一,是研究有机化合物的性质、结构、合成的学科。文章结合有机化学学科特色,探索在教学过程中如何结合科研和应用而设置教学内容以提升其学习效率,并通过多种教学方法的结合实现知识间的有机衔接、融会贯通,以促进学生更好的学习有机化学。     

地方本科院校环境工程专业实践教学的过程管理

地方本科院校运用过程管理方法可提高实践教学的管理水平和应用型本科人才的培养质量。文章以嘉应学院环境工程专业为例,分析其实践教学管理中存在的问题,探讨实践教学过程管理的方法,为地方本科院校工科专业的过程管理提供了参考。     

英国海上油气矿业权出让经验及其对中国发展路径的启示

中国海上油气资源丰富,发展潜力巨大。探索合理的海上油气矿业权出让制度改革路径,可有效促进我国对深海油气的开发,助力能源革命战略的推进。英国有着丰富的海上油气勘探开发经验,其合理的油气矿业权出让制度可为我国提供借鉴和参考。为此,采用规范分析、实证分析和经验制度分析相结合的方法,从油气开发的国家战略和法律体系、矿业权出让的主要制度设计等方面,对英国的海上油气矿业权出让制度进行了剖析。进而提出了我国海上油气矿业权出让制度的发展路径及改革建议:(1)从完善油气矿业权出让的顶层制度设计、建立油气区块的信息库制度、优化制度中程序设计、加强评委资质管理等4个方面着手,建构完善的油气矿业权出让体系;(2)放宽海上油气矿业权的勘查开发门槛,鼓励多种主体、国际、资本与技术间的联合开发与联合投标;(3)设置海上油气开发的监管机构;(4)设置跨部门的企业信用积分体系。     

基于熵权法的储层非均质性定量评价——以珠江口盆地A油田为例

珠江口盆地流花礁灰岩油藏的储集条件复杂、非均质性强。综合珠江口盆地A油田地震、测井、沉积和地质等资料,分析其礁灰岩储层的沉积微相、隔夹层等对储层非均质性的影响;进而在相控条件约束下,利用熵权法对储层非均质性进行定量评价,并建立不同约束条件下的随机储层非均质综合评价模型。实例研究结果显示,该方法可以定量表征储层质量参数和几何形态参数;综合储层非均质综合评价模型与油藏动态资料,确定研究区储层非均质综合指数为0.5~0.7的区域为剩余油分布潜力区,且剩余油主要富集于研究区礁体西北翼、东南翼以及靠近西南翼断层的构造高部位。在剩余油分布潜力区部署9口水平井,均获得较高的平均日产油量,与ODP设计日产油量相比,提高至少50 m~3/d,且平均含水饱和度上升较缓慢,剩余油分布潜力区具有较长的稳产时间。因此,利用熵权法对礁灰岩储层非均质性进行定量评价的结果基本可以表征其储层的非均质特征。     

新工科背景下过程装备与控制工程"四位一体"专业升级模式

文章在回顾过程装备与控制工程专业发展历程的基础上,辨析了新经济形势下该专业存在的问题,并提出“四位一体”的专业升级模式及具体举措。该模式的实施,有助于提高学生的工程实践能力、创新能力及跨界整合能力,同时有助于提升本专业的影响力。     

轧制和退火态的Mg-Y-Zr-xNd合金的组织和力学性能

通过光学显微组织(OM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和拉伸试验研究了不同热处理条件下Mg-5Y-0.6Zr-xNd (x = 0, 0.5和1wt.％) 合金的组织和力学性能。结果表明,随着Nd含量的增加,第二相Mg24Y5和Mg14Nd2Y (β)在基体中的含量增加。添加少量Nd可以降低α-Mg的堆垛层错能,促进热轧过程中的动态再结晶。随着Nd含量的增加,静态再结晶的体积分数明显增加。退火处理后Mg-5Y-0.6Zr-0Nd合金的平均晶粒尺寸可细化至3.73μm。轧制合金的抗拉强度随着Nd的增加而增加,而伸长率则表现出相反的变化趋势。含有1.01wt.％Nd的轧制合金具有优良的机械性能,其拉伸强度,屈服强度和伸长率分别为336MPa,278MPa和16.3％。在微观结构观察的基础上,讨论了力学性能的变化。     

Optimization of the dye-sensitized solar cell performance by mechanical compression

In this study, the P25 titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticle (NP) thin film was coated on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate by a doctor blade method. The film then compressed mechanically to be the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Various compression pressures on TiO₂ NP film were tested to optimize the performance of DSSCs. The mechanical compression reduces TiO₂ inter-particle distance improving the electron transport efficiency. The UV–vis spectrophotometer and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to quantify the light-harvesting efficiency and the charge transport impedance at various interfaces in DSSC, respectively. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency was also monitored. The results show that when the DSSC fabricated by the TiO₂ NP thin film compressed at pressure of 279 kg/cm², the minimum resistance of 9.38 Ω at dye/TiO₂ NP/electrolyte interfaces, the maximum short-circuit photocurrent density of 15.11 mA/cm², and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.94% were observed. Compared to the DSSC fabricated by the non-compression of TiO₂ NP thin film, the overall conversion efficiency is improved over 19.5%. The study proves that under suitable compression pressure the performance of DSSC can be optimized.     

Numerical simulations of the current-matching effect and operation mechanisms on the performance of InGaN/Si tandem cells

Numerical simulations are conducted to study the current-matching effect and operation mechanisms in and to design the optimized device structure of InGaN/Si tandem cells. The characteristics of short circuit current density (J_sc), open circuit voltage (V_oc), fill factor (FF), and conversion efficiency (η) of InGaN/Si tandem cells are determined by the current-matching effect. The similar trend of η to that of J_sc shows that J_sc is a dominant factor in determining the performance of InGaN/Si tandem cells. In addition, the combined effects of the J_sc, V_oc, and FF lead to an optimized η in the medium-indium, xpn-InGaNInGaN‒to‒Si, InGaN/Si tandem cell. At xpn-InGaNInGaN‒to‒Si, the J_sc of the InGaN subcell is equal to that of the Si subcell such that an InGaN/Si tandem cell reaches the current matching condition to operate at the maximum power point. Similar to the J_sc and FF, the η for low- xpn-InGaN<xpn‒InGaNInGaN‒to‒Si and high-In xpn-InGaN>xpn-InGaNInGaN‒to‒Si InGaN/Si tandem cells are InGaN- and Si subcell-limited, respectively. Furthermore, the p- and n-layer thicknesses, indium content, and position of depletion region of InGaN subcell should be adjusted to reapportion the light between the two subcells and to achieve the maximum conversion efficiency. With appropriate thicknesses of p- and n-InGaN, In_0.5–0.6Ga_0.5–0.4 N/Si tandem cells can exhibit as high as approximately 34% to 36.5% conversion efficiency, demonstrating that a medium-indium InGaN/Si tandem cell results in a high-efficiency solar cell. Simulation results determine that the current-matching effect and operation mechanisms of InGaN/Si tandem cells can be utilized for efficiency enhancement through the optimized device structures.     

橡胶减摆器的环境适应性研究

采用电液伺服试验机进行了橡胶减摆器高低温动态特性测试,研究了橡胶减摆器在不同温度环境下动态特性的变化规律,为其在高寒和热带地区的应用提供依据;同时对其湿热、霉菌和盐雾环境适应性进行了测试,为其在潮湿和海洋环境中的应用提供了依据。研究结果表明,当温度在-55~20℃之间时,橡胶减摆器的低温动态刚度与室温下的比值在1~1.7之间;当温度在20~70℃之间时,橡胶减摆器的高温动态刚度与室温下的比值在0.86~1之间;橡胶减摆器具有较好的高低温动态性能;湿热、霉菌和盐雾试验结果表明,橡胶减摆器的环境适应性优良。